AR300M brick and..recovery attempt

bright_plastik · 2021-02-10T14:57:18.381Z

misujr:

I can take a dump with a CH341A but that will be only later next week as now I am out of office.

UPDATE! I documented myself, and understood how to plug the programmer. I made a dump of the chip, just in case… It is a little more than 16MB, but dunno what to do with it, as it is corrupted. Maybe I can recover the mac addresses and calibration out of it?

(OLD) Hey fellow recoverer!
Today I got my CH431A. It has a clamp and all the jazz. I had to resume an old laptop with win7 to avoid problems with drivers, and now I’m looking at the pins and connections with cold sweat.
I see in the other thread you pointed the pin 1, on the chip. Thanks. Now, on the rear of the programmer I see two slots: one is marked 25 SPI and the other 24 I2C. I rekon I should connect to the 25 SPI, but I’d love to receive your imput and confirmations. I attach a picture (open it for full image):

[Album] imgur.com

I even read somewhere that modifications on the CH431 have to be made to provide 3.6V…but I think they are not needed. I see the traces marks on pcb, and they indicate 3.3V on the two slots, on the lower right pin (pin8). Nonetheless, an indication of position and direction to plug the clamp to pcb would be welcome.
Before I manage burning my chip and wait for a substitute, I wait for your suggestions!

I got in contact with the customer support, meanwhile. It was the omnipresent @alzhao, again! I’ll wait next week for a dump of my ART partition, so I have everything needed.

Johnex · 2021-02-10T15:03:35.339Z

You can check this thread:

GL-AR300M Unable to flash NAND Technical Support for Routers

You could have skipped the de-soldering of the chip if you used an IC Clip like this one and programmer: You can see a guide i posted on another forum on modifying the memory of a clamp meter: It also reduces the complexity, just a dropdown to select the memory type, from the silkscreen on the chip itself, no mucking around with linux commands and setting up the raspberry pi.

I posted a link to a guide I made how to use the clamp and the program for it.

bright_plastik · 2021-02-10T15:08:00.181Z

@alzhao, just a fast question.
In the email you mention to desolder the chip from the pcb. Is it needed because some other components on pcb can interfere with read and write?

misujr · 2021-02-10T15:35:46.422Z

You seem to have gotten the type of device that I got so it is fairly straight forward:

Use the SPI bay (25 SPI)
According to the silk screen and also my own adapter, Pin 1 is the pin near the “I” of SPI but please MEASURE FIRST ! Use a multimeter and determine where you have 3.3v and where you have GND. VCC, RESET and WP should have 3.3 or close to this value. The silk screen is not the always going to match the real product sadly.
To use the CLIP, plug the clip in the adapter pcb, the adapter pcb will generally have a small dot to indicate where it should be pin1. Then measure pn the clip to be sure you got it right just like at step 2.(if you are lucky, the clip wire ribbon will have one wire of another colour and then you can orient that to be near the dot that marks pin 1 and this way you know where pin1 is always.
Here it is a bit of a split
A. @Johnex made a great guide and he managed to flash similar memories while the memory ic was soldered to the pcb. Try this way first but make sure you have the router unplugged from power.
B. @alzhao recommends the same way I used and that means you your clip will only power the IC and it will not actually power the rest of the router plus in my case it was the only way I managed to get it to work.
Both ways are good it’s down to you which way you pick but I would try them in order starting with the easier one.

I hope these steps make sense and will help you .

BR,
Misujr

Johnex · 2021-02-10T15:46:16.039Z

The correct way if the chip is already on the board is to use a clip. There are countless videos on youtube of people flashing the bios on motherboards and doing memory modification like I did in the guide.

If the chip is not on the board anymore, then you use a SOP8 socket like this:

As an example:

bright_plastik · 2021-02-11T00:09:51.571Z

I managed to connect it! Thanks a lot to everyone!

Now, I made a backup of the image present on the chip.

It’s a bunch of characters, but maybe the ART section is still usable.

Can you tell me how I can restore only the uboot section?
(it is the section that got corrupted while I was trying to upgrade it)
Is there a way to flash only a sector of the chip, like you do in the partitions of the drives? I’d like to keep the calibration data and mac addresses, and flash the new uboot with the programmer…
Anyone knows?

Again, my great gratitude for all your support.

misujr · 2021-02-11T09:24:50.656Z

Awesome that you got a backup !
Here I will let others that know better how to flash only the Uboot as I don’t know that. As far as I know you can flash only bits of the IC(using flashrom under linux I know this but surely the software for CH341 should have such option) , just have to flash them at correct addresses but again I don’t have that as hands on experience.

bright_plastik · 2021-02-11T13:08:18.880Z

Thanks a lot @misujr. Really. I mean it. Finding this support by the community was the only way I could hope to recover the router, and indeed it is. Let’s hope I don’t do something stupid!

alzhao:

flash the uboot at the beginning of the router

Dear @alzhao , I seem to progress. The dump of ART might be redundant, as part of the chip seems fine.
I can send you privately the dump to verify that some parts do not need to be flashed again?

CH341A programmer1280×760 321 KB

Or even better, I try to flash uboot and see if the rest of the chip behaves correctly.
Could you indicate me the command to launch with the CH341A to flash on the chip only the sectors for the uboot?

No rush. If you have time, as I know you’re celebrating (Spring Festival, am I right?)

Regards to all of you,
Gabriel

alzhao · 2021-02-14T04:54:04.538Z

bright_plastik:

Could you indicate me the command to launch with the CH341A to flash on the chip only the sectors for the uboot?

I don’t know about this. I think you can just flash the uboot and it should flash at the beginning of the Nor, right?

about your art, seems it is not correct. Is this the last 64K of the Nor?

bright_plastik · 2021-02-14T12:21:51.286Z

alzhao:

it should flash at the beginning of the Nor

Thanks for the reply Alzhao…unfortunately my attempt to just open the uboot file and write to the chip, hoping it would address in the correct section of Nor, failed. The program flashed it, but on top of the previous configuration. As a result, the garbled characters you can see in the background of picture below.
Therefore, I flashed again the dump I made some day ago, and now the condition is this one:

disagreement1280×758 303 KB

“Chip main memory with the contents are in disagreement”
I guess it has to do with the addresses and the proper allineation of the contents in the chip.
Reading again the chip, this is the last part of it, at address 00FFF310, where maybe ART starts:

end of nor1280×760 329 KB

Do you think it is damaged?
@misujr and @Johnex , do you happen to know this particular situation? Do you have hints?
@Johnex , I think you know best than anyone how to behave, using the CH341 as programmer… having at least 2 images to flash, UBOOT and ART, how do I specify the addresses to locate where to flash the images (either decimal or hexadecimal)? Maybe using the CH341 but running it on linux?
@misujr , at this point, since my dump file does not work, it would be very useful to have your dump of the whole chip (with random MAC), flash it to have a working UART console, and from there correct the art partition using the MTD nomenclature, like you did to recover your ART, because by the end of holiday season (next week I think) the customer service will send me a backup of my ART partition. I’ll be hugely thankful if you passed me a whole working dump file.

Thanks to all of you…I’m sorry to disturb you with my problems.

Johnex · 2021-02-14T15:14:23.484Z

Since you are on Windows, the best way is to use a hex editor. I personally use 010 Editor, but it costs money so the best free one is HxD:

https://mh-nexus.de/en/programs.php

You want to open the backup you made, and also open just the ART section, so you have 2 tabs open. You then place the cursor in the backup file tab to where you want to insert or replace the ART. Go to the ART tab, select all, copy, then paste it into the backup tab. HxD will overwrite all bytes following the cursor with whatever you copied. If the section you want to replace is bigger than the new content for example, you can instead select the block to replace before hand. You can also do it if you know the range via “Edit → Select Block”.

After you have done your edits, save it as a new file and flash that with the CH341A.

Screenshot 2021-02-14 16.10.42926×670 105 KB

Appending to the end:

Screenshot 2021-02-14 16.10.56929×670 271 KB

Replacing section:

Screenshot 2021-02-14 16.11.06929×669 331 KB

Screenshot 2021-02-14 16.11.15928×675 336 KB

bright_plastik · 2021-02-14T17:49:13.903Z

Johnex thanks a lot. You couldn’t be more precise than this.

I hope my dump is still usable replacing sections of it.
Here is my dump file…could someone scroll it rapidly and tell me if I need another dump file to work on, or I can manage recovering the router just using mine?
I don’t really know how it should look like. Dunno for example if UBOOT and ART are both damaged, or only UBOOT.
It is the first time I open a firmware and see how it is written.

alzhao · 2021-02-16T09:55:41.721Z

Seems that you failed to flash the correct data.

Can you erase the flash first so that it is all FF. Then flash the uboot again.

bright_plastik · 2021-02-16T18:31:49.516Z

Hello guru. Welcome back!
I think I will wait for the ART dump from Support and possibly @misujr 's full dump.
Pardon me if I’m so careful, but I know I’m no expert, and usually when I throw myself in these things with no precautions I end f**king up everything. I know it is already messed up, but I can do worse! I don’t really know what I was really doing the other day…
If you fellows agree with me, please help me collect all possible images beforehand, and then juggle the balls.
ATM, my preferred option would be to flash @misujr dump through CH341, and then from UART flash the ART with my mac addresses and calibration.

Is it an acceptable milestone?

misujr · 2021-02-17T06:25:41.262Z

I am not really super familiar with using the CH341A. I have it and I have used it but not enough to know my way around it . I am more familiar with the flashrom tool under linux.
My dump is here : File on MEGA
Bear in mind that I have just wrote a random mac and serial number but that shouldn’t be a problem.
The router that gave the dump is one with internal antennae so although it will not match the art partition on yours, still it should not stress your router’s RF too much .
Please let me know once you got the dump so I can remove it .
Also sorry for the late response but I am in the same time zone and culture as the support team from GLi so I just got back to my office .

L.E.: As @alzhao said , please first erase the content of the chip and then write the dump.
As long as you don’t “fry” the IC, then you are safe to try to write on it for quite a few times so don’t worry, just watch the pinout . Worse come to worse you can buy a new ic and that is still worth to save the router.

BR,
Misujr

bright_plastik · 2021-02-17T10:10:30.116Z

@misujr you are very careful.
I wish you have the same from your fellows!
I made a copy of your dump in my MEGA, so you can remove it if you wish.

Now the only thing I’m missing is the ART, and I’m good to go.
At this point, I’m sure I will be able to recover the router!

misujr:

I am not really super familiar with using the CH341A

Mee too, but my doubt is that you need a whole image to flash, since the programmer does not know where to put the images in the available partitions. With your bin, I circumnavigate the problem in one go.

Thanks a lot to everyone! I’ll report back when there is development!

misujr · 2021-02-17T10:37:01.843Z

Thank you for the kind words .
Great you got the file .
Please try to flash the file from me and see if you can power up the router and get into it . If you can then that is a great step .
Though you will need to see if you can get it online to be able to install kmod-mtd-rw that will allow you to replace the ART partition in an easy manner ( at least the way I found easy:-) ) .

bright_plastik · 2021-02-22T16:33:42.663Z

Hello fellow members…
I just wanted to tell you thanks to everyone’s help I was able to fully recover the AR300M!
I basically had to flash the dump kindly provided by @misujr ,and then slowly work out all the “partitions” of both NOR and NAND to make it as new. Did not need to follow this method…the serial console was enough.
I can dig in the detailed explanation if needed, but basically the most important thing to say is that I found preferable to flash all the sections through TFTP and serial console, since the UBOOT UI has some quirks here and there. Specifically, both NAND and ART flash did not execute properly, via 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.1/art.html It is a bug with the size of files (at least for the NAND fw)
I found a little confusing the scripts in the uboot console, but in the end they worked. Surely, you need to rename the files in the tftp server to match exactly the ones in the scripts. In particular, the script that flashes the ART section is not really well documented, and I ended up issuing commands when a script was provided, but nonetheless I succeeded.

If you need further details, just ask me in a reasonable timelapse. I’ll try my best to explain properly, and give back what I received!

Thank you all, again. I mean it. This is a great forum and community, as much as owrt forum!
Keep up the good work.

misujr · 2021-02-23T05:28:52.107Z

Glad to see you got this sorted and got back your router .
If you have the time and availability, maybe you can post a guide on how to get the NAND working using the method you described above. My reason to ask this is simple, the router I have saved has only NOR memory on the pcb but I can put a nand flash on it just for the sake of adding more memory and I would be interested to try your method of flashind the NAND memory and then getting it up an running. I am not yet familiar with flashing the NAND from NOR so a guide from you who did this just recently with success would be great and I think might help others in the future in case they face the same problem. No time constraint on my side so please do it only if and when you the time for this .

Again congrats for the success .

BR,
Misujr

DragRedSim · 2022-06-23T12:42:49.596Z

Hi there,
I’ve been tinkering with my AR300M today, since it seemed to not like the latest firmware, and along the way I appear to have hosed my ART partition in trying to recover it to a working state. I’ve managed to recover the main firmware, but I think I may have overwritten the ART when trying to manually get the firmware in the right spots on the chip to have it boot.
Is there any chance I could get a reupload of the dump file from @misujr or @bright_plastik if you still have it?
Thanks!