Yes, in fact if I install minicom, I’m able to send and receive on /dev/ttyUSB2 without a problem (though, strangely, local echo needs to be enabled or the command below produces an “ERROR” response).

Welcome to minicom 2.7.1

OPTIONS:
Port /dev/ttyUSB2, 13:48:05

Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys

AT+CUSD=1,"#932#",15

OK

OK

+CUSD: 0,"You have used 59.43 GB of your data plan, 59.64 GB of total on-network data at 01/30/19 5:48AM PST.     ",15

The problem seems to be that the cat command is not opening up the port on /dev/ttyUSB2 to read output. It seems to open up on the other ttyUSB ports (though no responses are written to these by the modem).