After a reboot of the MT300N-V2 the actual datarate was again back to 10/1 mbit/s, eventhough in the settings of the router was 300 mbit/s, so I changed the mode to 150M, and the actuale datarate got over 100 mbit/s. So I changed the mode to 300M and then i actual datarate is now up to 283/274 mbit/s.
So it lookes like, the router falls back to 11M mode after a reboot… That sucks, but at least I know now how to fix it.